Subsequent expenditures refers to such costs which are incurred after the asset is recognized in the financial statement and brought to the location and condition intended. Examples of such expenditures include repair and maintenance, overhauling, upgradation, replacement costs etc.
However, not all the subsequent costs can be capitalized in the carrying amount (carrying value or book value) of the asset in the statement of financial position.
Previously there used to be two separate criteria (recognition principles) for recognizing initial costs and subsequent costs. But the recognition criteria has now been unified and same recognition principle is applied on initial cost and subsequent expenditure which is as follows:
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if:
- it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity; and
- the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
Some parts of the asset may require replacement and/or major inspections at regular intervals. If these replaced parts or costs incurred on inspections fulfill the criteria mentioned above then the cost incurred on such parts can be recognized in the cost of the asset.
However, the costs which are of the nature of day-to-day servicing are not included in the cost of the asset but shall be treated as expense in the profit or loss.
Also, the following expenditure incurred subsequent to recognition are not recognized in the cost (carrying amount) of the asset:
- costs incurred in using or redeploying an asset once asset is brought into the location and condition intended
- costs incurred while an item capable of operating in the manner intended by management has yet to be brought into use or is operated at less than full capacity;
- Initial operating losses
- relocation or reorganization costs incurred on part or all of the entity’s operations.
?????????? ?????, ??? ?? ??????? ????????. ???, ??????????, ? ???? ???????.????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????. ??? ?? ???????? “???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????…” ???? ? ????????? ???????, ?? ??????? ????, ????? ??? ? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ? ???? ??????????????. ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????????? _?????????????_ ????. ??????? ?? ??? ????????? (?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????) ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ?????. ? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ?, ??? ?? ?? ?????????, productive ? non-productive ???????. ??? _? ????? ??????_ ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????-???-???????-?????-???. ????? ?? ??? ? ?????? (productive, ???) ??? ???? ? ??? ????? (non-productive, ??????????) ?? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????, ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????.??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????, ??????? ? ????? ????????:Newcomers to maonoecorcmics are sometimes confused by how macroeconomists use familiar words in new and specific ways. One example is the term “investment.” The confusion arises because what looks like investment for an individual may not be investment for the economy as a whole. The general rule is that the economy’s investment does not include purchases that merely reallocate existing assets among different individuals. Investment, as macroeconomists use the term, creates new capital.Let’s consider some examples. Suppose we observe these two events: – Smith buys for himself a 100-year-old Victorian house. – Jones builds for herself a brand-new contemporary house.What is total investment here? Two houses, one house, or zero?A macroeconomist seeing these two transactions counts only the Jones house as investment. Smith’s transaction has not created new housing for the economy; it has merely reallocated existing housing. Smith’s purchase is investment for Smith, but it is disinvestment for the person selling the house. By contrast, Jones has added new housing to the economy; her new house is counted as investment.Similarly, consider these two events: – Gates buys $5 million in IBM stock from Buffett on the New York Stock Exchange. – General Motors sells $10 million in stock to the public and uses the proceeds to build a new car factory.Here, investment is $10 million. In the first transaction, Gates is investing in IBM stock, and Buffett is disinvesting; there is no investment for the economy. By contrast, General Motors is usingsome of the economy’s output of goods and services to add to its stock of capital; hence, its newfactory is counted as investment.??????, ? ???? ? ??? ???: ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? _???????????_ ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ???, ???????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????… ?????????????, ??? ??. ??, ????? ??????? “???, ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????-??”. ? ??? ??????? ????? ???????, ??????.???????? ? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?? ? ???, ??? ???? — ??? ?????-?? ?????????? ??????, ?????????????? ?????, ? ? ???, ??? ????????????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ?????? ????, ??? ???????. ? ??? ???? ?????-?? ?????????? ???? — ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????. ? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? — ??????, ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ? ????.??? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???-?? ?????????, ???????????????????, ?? ??? ?????? ??. ? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ????????. ??? ?????-?? ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????-?? ?? ?? ????????, ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????.? ??????????? ?? – ?????, ????, ?????, ?????, ???? ?????, ??????. ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????????-???????? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ?????.???, ???, ??????. ???????? ?????? 🙂