What is a non-cash expense?
Non-cash expenses are such expenses that do not involve real cash outlay or against which no real cash outflow has taken place at least in the period in which such expense has been reported. And as they are recognized as an expense they will cause entity’s retained earnings to decrease but such expenses will not […]
What is the difference between depreciation account and accumulated depreciation account?
Capital assets also known as fixed assets are simply such assets which are used over a period longer than one year. Although real cash outflow takes place for the whole price at the time of acquisition of such assets however, for reporting purposes such costs are not expensed out in the year of purchase of […]
What is meant by Temporary accounts?
Temporary account is in simple words are such accounts that are maintained only until the end of particular accounting period (which can of any length of time i.e. a week, a month, two months, a quarter, semi annual or annual). And when such accounting period lapses, these accounts are closed and nothing of such accounts […]
What is Credit note and when is it used?
A credit note is a source document providing evidence that a credit entry has been made in the financial records for specific reason which is explained on the face of this business document. Credit note is also known as credit memo or credit memorandum as it only notifies about the entry made in the financial […]
What is Source document?
In the business world buyers and sellers interact to exchange goods and services and other transactions like payment. A diligent accountant keeps the record of all such important transactions about which users must be informed. However, to have the information reliable the recording of such transaction is controlled by source documents. Source document is basically […]
What is Cost classification and in how many ways can we classify cost?
Cost classification is a simple process in which we group or categorize costs on the basis of common characteristics. Grouping costs on the basis of their nature, form, source or any other attribution makes it really easy to understand their effects and ultimately to take decisions about costs and beyond any shadow of doubt classifying […]
What is meant by Sale or Return?
Buying and selling arrangements between sellers and buyers may take different forms and sales contracts can have some unusual terms agreed between the parties. However, one of the common arrangements between supplier and customer is ‘sale or return‘ also known as ‘sale and return‘. This term is also commonly used as an alternative term to mean consignment […]
What is revenue recognition and accounting treatment for goods sold or sent on sale or return basis?
Before we discuss the recognition principle and accounting treatment for sales under sale or return conditions. First lets have ourselves clear about what is meant by sale or return? Under sale or return, the goods are sent by the supplier to the customer with an understanding that customer does not have to pay for such […]
How WWF and WPPF amounts are calculated?
The provisions regarding calculation of Worker’s Welfare Fund are given in section 4 of Worker’s Welfar Fund Ordinance, 1971. Whereas, the provisions related to calculation of Worker’s Participation Fund are given in section 3 of Companies Profits (Workers’ Participation) Act, 1968. According to Worker’s Welfar Fund Ordinance, 1971, every industrial establishment shall contribute to Worker’s Welfare Fund […]
What factors are considered in determining useful life of intangible asset?
Determining useful life of an intangible asset is not as easy as a tangible asset as most often intangible assets are of such nature that are unique and have no similar asset in the market through which can ascertain its value and useful life. And we cannot ignore determination of useful life aspect of the […]
